Eye or Vision Anatomy of the eye- Eye is the organ of sense for sight ,which situated in the orbital cavity or eye socket Eye is the the spherical shaped organ in the sense which is help in vision or sensory vision . It's about 2.5 CM in diameter and three layers of the eye are completely covered There are three layer is- 1.Outer layer or tunica fibrous 2.Middle layer or tunica vasculosa 3.Inner layer or Tunica Nervosa 1.Outer layer or tunica fibrous- - Outer layer consists of two structure cornea and sclera . It is outermost avascular layer of eyes which preserve the shape of eye , A nteriorly consists of cornea and posteriorly consists of sclera. A. Cornea - Cornea is the outermost part of the eyes which is anteriorly transparent Court over the coloured Iris . cornea is convex cornea is convex,anteriorly light rays enter into the eyes through the cornea to focus on the retina . structurally cornea c...
Epilepsy
Introduction of epilepsy or seizures -
Seizures and abnormal sudden, excessive discharge of electrical, activities with in the. neurone of brain are chronic epilepsy.
Etiology
brain tumor (most common cause )
head trauma,( within 1 year form head injury)
idiopathic,
toxic ,
infection (meningities ,encephalitis)
Birth injury, inborn error of metabolism
congenital defect of CNS
Type of epilepsy
Caesar can be divided into two measure group
1. Generalized seizures -
generalized seizures resulting from excessively electrical discharge from both hemisphere of the brain most common type of the seizures are following
A. Tonic clonic seizures ( grand mal)
this type of seizures have three phases
Aura
Tonic
Clonic
B. Absence seizures (Pepit mal)
brief period of altered consciousness lasting 5 to 30 second usually in in childhood the patient show a blank facial expression that may be followed by moment such as repeated eye blinking for rolling and lip - smacking
C. Myoclonic or minor motor seizures
brief generalized jerking or stiffening of extremity.
2.partial seizures (focal epilepsy)
it brings with focal all local discharge in one part of the brain most common type of seizures is called partial seizure.
A. Simple partial -
when a patient remain awake during a seizure episode , classic 'March' beings in thumbs and progress up to the arm, is called March seizure
B. Complex partial or psychomotor seizure
if loss of consciousness occur after a focal seizure the syndrome is said to be Complex partial patient show some automatic activities like lips smacking ,picking of clothes chewing etc.
Complication-
Status epilepsy -
continuous seizure activity without pause .
it includes two back to back seizures without a lucid interval , for any season lasting more than 5 to 10 mint had started sedative like diazepam to treat the status Epileps.
Diagnosis
Abnormal electro encephalogram (EEG)
Management
- protect the patient from injury if the the patient is standing place the client on Floor or if on bed put side rails.
- carefully observe and protect details of events during seizure maintain a patient Airway and not for the remain with patient and do not disturb loss restrictive tight cloth.
- this drug act by stabilizing nerve cell membrane and preventing spread of epilepic discharge.
- sometime surgery to remove epileptic focus.
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