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Sense organ eye

 Eye or Vision  Anatomy of the eye-        Eye is the organ of sense for sight ,which situated in the orbital cavity or eye socket  Eye is the the spherical shaped organ in the sense which is help in vision or sensory vision .  It's about 2.5 CM in diameter and  three layers of the eye are completely covered There are three layer is-  1.Outer layer or tunica fibrous 2.Middle layer or tunica vasculosa 3.Inner layer or Tunica Nervosa   1.Outer layer or tunica fibrous- - Outer layer consists of two structure cornea and sclera . It is outermost avascular layer of eyes which preserve the shape of eye ,  A nteriorly consists of cornea and posteriorly consists of sclera.  A. Cornea - Cornea is the outermost part of the eyes which is anteriorly transparent Court over the coloured Iris . cornea is convex cornea is convex,anteriorly light rays enter into the eyes through the cornea to focus on the retina . structurally cornea composed of three layer outer, middle or inner layer A. Outer laye

Anatomy and physiology of pancreatic gland or pancreas

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        Pancreas or pancreas gland    

  

         Introduction of pancreas -


the pancreas is a pale Grey gland wright  about 60 gram.  it is about 12 to 15 cm long and situated into epigastric and left hypochondriac region,  the pancreas consists of head , body and tell .
   there are 3 part head is expanded portion which lie in to curve of duodenum the central portion of pancreas is body and the end portion of pancreas is tell.



    Figure - Anatomy of pancreas or pancreatic gland

   Structure of pancreas 


          the pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland

    The exocrine pancreas 

                           the exocrine pancreas consisting of large number of lobules made up of small acini. The wall is consist of secretary cells.  it's lobules is drain by Tiny duct  and this unit eventually to form the pancreatic juice , with extends along the whole length of gland and opens Into the duodenum. 
       99% of pancreas is exocrine and remaining 1% is endocrine ( islets  of langerhans or.. 

     endocrine are concentrate into you tell portion of pancreas the function of the exocrine pancreas is to produce pancreatic juice ,consisting enzyme some in the form of inactive precursor  that digest Carbohydrate protein and fat , as in the alimentary tract .

          parasympathetic stimulation increase the secretion of pancreatic juice and sympathetic stimulation depressing it. 

The Endocrine pancreas 

         endocrine pancreas consisting of specialised cell is called the pancreatic islets of langerhans , have no duct so the hormone diffuse directly into the blood .

endocrine pancreas secreting Main Two hormones insulin and glucagon, which the principale act with controlling of blood glucose level.


pancreatic enzyme in pancreatic juice-


           protein digesting enzyme

Trypsinogen (converted to active trypsin to enterokinase or enteropeptides) and chymotrypsinogen (converted to active chymotrypsin by Trypsin.  both trypsin and chymotrypsin  digest protein and form amino acids .

Fat digestive( lipolytic )  enzyme -

  pancreatic lipase digest triglyceridee into fatty acid glycerol .

 carbohydrate digestive enzyme -

            pancreatic amylase digest starch into oligosaccharide, disaccharide ,monosaccharide .

    nucleic acids digesting enzyme -

    ribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid .(DNA and RNA )


note = protein digesting enzyme such as trypsin  or chymotrypsin  are  produce in inactive form in pancreas as trypsin and chymotrypsin should not digest cell of pancreas

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